Frogs and bears and buffalos and corn maidens and
birds and horses
Mountain lions and wolves/coyotes and turtles
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used in carving Zuni fetishes.
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Zuni Fetishes: How and Why?
Imagine a universe where all things interconnect, sharing a
common spirit. From the center of the earth to the outer reaches of
the cosmos, everything from humans and animals to lumps of clay is an
extension of the life spirit. In some objects, the spirit is animated.
In others it is dormant, but nonetheless present.
How Zunis View their World.
This approximates the life-view of the Zuni people (and other native
tribes of North America.) For the Zuni, this interrelationship has created
a hierarchy of being. Humans are both the smartest and the most distant
from the Creator and, therefore, the most susceptible to danger. Animals,
are the most natural and, therefore, closest to the Creator, with the
immediate access to the power of the Creator.
As might be expected in a culture with primarily an oral history, there
are variations on the Zuni creation story. Common to most appears to
be the belief that the Creator placed the Zuni on a land that was swampy
and dangerous, filled with animals that were more adept at survival
than humans and threatening to the Zuni. Through the use of lightning
bolts, Zuni cosmology believes, the two sons of the Creator made the
land dry and habitable and turned many of the animals to stone.
The spirit of the animal remained in the stone, like the life
force remains in a seed. Stones that resembled animals, found on the
ground, were believed to retain the power and characteristics of the
animals they resembled. When consecrated by a Zuni priest or medicine
man, they were believed to be formidable mediums for contacting the
Spirit world and powerful allies for the hunter or for individual or
collective protection.
From Finding to Carving
In the sweep of time, Zuni carvers
came first to modify the stones to better resemble the animal and then
to carve distinguishable animal shapes in stones that were shapeless.
As carving was refined and
the available materials expanded, the carving of "fetishes" grew into
an art form. Such carvings still can become formal fetish objects if
blessed by a sacred tribal leader or informal fetish objects if invested
with power by the owner of the carving. The power and protection of
the carving largely depends on the faith and belief of the person who
owns it, and the respect with which it is treated.
Traditional fetish carvings
were kept in fetish bowls with a hole in the side so that they could
be "fed." Ground corn or corn pollen and pulverized turquoise would
be placed in front of the fetish. After a suitable interval, during
which the fetish was able to absorb the spirit of the meal, the meal
would be taken away and buried.
Today, owners of fetish
carvings are expected to provide safe and comfortable care for them,
including occasional feeding. It is said, "if you take care of
the fetish, it will take care of you."
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Zuni Link is operated by Aboriginals:
Art of the First Person, Fort Myers, Florida
For more information, or to contact
us by email, send to sanibelart@comcast.net
or by phone at 239-482-7025 or 800-305-0185
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For more information about Zuni
Pueblo, Zuni carvers and Zuni traditions, click
this link to visit a page of
book selections
like this one.